DISCLAIMER

The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (hereinafter referred to as 'ESHRE') developed the current clinical practice guideline, to provide clinical recommendations to improve the quality of healthcare delivery within the European field of human reproduction and embryology. This guideline represents the views of ESHRE, which were achieved after careful consideration of the scientific evidence available at the time of preparation. In the absence of scientific evidence on certain aspects, a consensus between the relevant ESHRE stakeholders has been obtained.  

The aim of clinical practice guidelines is to aid healthcare professionals in everyday clinical decisions about appropriate and effective care of their patients.

However, adherence to these clinical practice guidelines does not guarantee a successful or specific outcome, nor does it establish a standard of care. Clinical practice guidelines do not override the healthcare professional's clinical judgment in diagnosis and treatment of particular patients. Ultimately,
healthcare professionals must make their own clinical decisions on a case-by-case basis, using their clinical judgment, knowledge, and expertise, and taking into account the condition, circumstances, and wishes of the individual patient, in consultation with that patient and/or the guardian or carer.

ESHRE makes no warranty, express or implied, regarding the clinical practice guidelines and specifically excludes any warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular use or purpose. ESHRE shall not be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages related to the use of the information contained herein. While ESHRE makes every effort to compile accurate information and to keep it up-to-date, it cannot, however, guarantee the correctness, completeness, and accuracy of the guideline in every respect. In any event, these clinical practice guidelines do not necessarily represent the views of all clinicians that are member of ESHRE.

The information provided in this document does not constitute business, medical or other professional advice, and is subject to change.

Introduction to the Guideline

Previous evidence-based guidelines for the investigation and medical treatment of recurrent miscarriage have been published in 2006 on behalf of the ESHRE Special Interest Group (SIG) Early Pregnancy (Jauniaux et al., 2006). However, the ESHRE SIG Implantation and Early Pregnancy believed that these guidelines were outdated and initiated the first version of this guideline, published in 2017.

The current guideline is an update of the version from 2017, with amendments to the recommendations based on recently published data. Where amendments were made, this is labelled as such (Update 2022).
The 2017 guideline and the update are developed according to a well-documented methodology, universal to ESHRE guidelines and described in the Manual for ESHRE guideline development (www.eshre.eu). Details on the methodology of the current guideline are outlined in Annex 5.

The guideline development group (GDG) for the current update consisted of the previous guideline group with minor changes. One member of the GDG (2017) decided to step down and was replaced, and one additional GDG member was added. The members of the guideline development group are listed in Annex 1.